Which statement is true about parvovirus B19 infection?

• A. It can cause fifth disease and arthropathy
• B. It never causes rash
• C. It is not contagious
• D. It requires hospitalization in all cases

Answer: (A)

Parvovirus B19 infection is classically known for causing erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in children, with the distinctive “slapped-cheek” facial rash and often a subsequent body rash. In adults, it frequently presents with arthralgia or arthritis. The virus is spread by respiratory droplets and is contagious during the viremic phase. It can also trigger an aplastic crisis in people with chronic hemolytic conditions due to a temporary slowdown of red blood cell production. Because of this spectrum, the statement that it can cause fifth disease and arthropathy is true. It is not accurate to say it never causes a rash, or that it isn’t contagious, or that every case requires hospitalization, since those don't fit the full potential clinical picture.