Which of the following is part of universal prevention and treatment measures for osteoporosis?

• A. Bisphosphonates
• B. Increase Calcium and Vitamin D
• C. Raloxifene
• D. Calcitonin

Answer: (B)

A basic approach to preventing osteoporosis in the general population centers on ensuring enough calcium and vitamin D. Calcium provides the mineral for bone formation, while vitamin D boosts calcium absorption from the gut and supports overall bone remodeling. Together, they help maintain bone density and reduce age-related bone loss, making them a universal preventive measure that applies to most people, not just those with diagnosed disease.

The other options are pharmacologic treatments aimed at people with established osteoporosis or at high fracture risk. They’re used after a diagnosis or when risk is elevated, and each has specific indications and monitoring needs, rather than being standard preventive steps for everyone.