Gout is hardly seen in which group due to estrogen?

• A. Premenopausal female
• B. Postmenopausal male
• C. Young child
• D. Elderly male

Answer: (A)

Estrogen helps the kidneys excrete uric acid, acting as a uricosuric factor. Because premenopausal women have higher estrogen levels, they tend to keep serum uric acid lower, which protects against gout. That hormonal protection fades after menopause, when estrogen levels drop and uric acid can rise, increasing gout risk to resemble that seen in men. So gout is hardly seen in premenopausal females due to this estrogen effect. In contrast, men—whether younger or older—do not have that estrogen protection, and gout risk is higher; young children have very low gout risk for different reasons.